Hexo 3.x 博客搭建指南(NEXT主题)

GitHub Pages 本用于介绍托管在 GitHub 的项目,也可以用来搭建博客,有300M免费空间。

hexo是一个基于Node.js的静态博客程序,可以方便的生成静态网页托管在github和Heroku上。作者是来自台湾的tommy351
优势:

生成静态页面快
支持 Markdown
兼容于 Windows, Mac & Linux
部署方便。日常使用仅需五个命令。
高扩展性、自订性,文件少、小,易理解

配置SSH

使用hexo博客必须配置SSH。

打开git bash,输入cd ~/.ssh,如果果提示:No such file or directory 说明未配置SSH。

  • 本地生成密钥对
    ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "你的邮件地址",注意命令中的大小写不要搞混。按提示指定保存文件夹,不设置密码。
  • 添加公钥到Github
  1. 根据上一步的提示,找到公钥文件(默认为id_rsa.pub),用记事本打开,全选并复制。
  2. 登录Github,右上角 头像 -> Settings —> SSH keys —> Add SSH key。把公钥粘贴到key中,填好title并点击 Add key。
  3. git bash中输入命令ssh -T git@github.com,选yes,等待片刻可看到成功提示。
  • 修改本地的ssh remote url,不用https协议,改用git协议
  1. Github仓库中获取ssh协议相应的url
  2. 本地仓库执行命令git remote set-url origin SSH对应的url,配置完后可用git remote -v查看结果

这样git pushhexo d时不再需要输入账号密码。

搭建博客

注,以下命令行需要在Git终端中执行(右键单击 -> Git bash)。

  • 安装Git:下载安装后,注册Github账号并配置Git和SSH公私钥
  • 安装Node.js
  • 安装hexo:npm install -g hexo,可用hexo -v查看版本。这里我用的是3.1.1。也可以指定版本:npm install hexo@3.1.1 -g
  • 创建hexo文件夹:新建放置博客的文件夹,进入并执行命令hexo init。hexo 会在目标文件夹建立网站所需要的所有文件。
  • 安装依赖包:npm install
  • 创建Github Repository:Repository名字必须是你的Github名.github.io,比如我是loveNight.github.io
  • 部署:打开博客根目录下的_config.yml文件,末尾添加如下信息。
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deploy:
type: git
repository: 上一步的Github仓库地址,项目主页点SSH再复制URL
branch: master

然后执行命令:

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hexo generate # 生成静态页面,可以简化为hexo g
hexo deploy # 部署到Github,可以简化为hexo d

浏览器访问loveNight.github.io就能看到自己的Blog了,一般延迟十分钟左右才能看到效果。一开始看到404页面不要惊慌,耐心等等。

手打党请注意,配置文件的冒号后必须有一个空格。

如果报错

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Deployer not found:git

运行命令

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npm install hexo-deployer-git --save

hexo使用

生成静态页面
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hexo generate
本地启动
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hexo server

浏览器输入localhost:4000就可以看到效果。当你修改了文章或配置文件时,保存文件再刷新浏览器就能看到修改后的效果,非常方便。

新建文章
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hexo new post "title"  # 生成新文章:\source\_posts\title.md,可省略post
新建页面
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hexo new page "title"

post、page等可以改成其他layout,可用layout在scaffolds目录下查看。在同目录下创建文件来添加自己的layout,也可以编辑现有的layout,比如post的layout默认是\scaffolds\post.md

编辑文章

打开新建的文章\source\_posts\postName.md

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title: HelloWorld! # 文章页面上的显示名称,可以任意修改,不会出现在URL中
date: 2015-11-09 15:56:26 # 文章生成时间,一般不改
categories: # 文章分类目录,参数可省略
- 随笔
- 瞬间
tags: # 文章标签,参数可省略
- hexo
- blog # 个数不限,单个可直接跟在tags后面
---
这里开始使用markdown格式输入你的正文。

多级分类语法格式:(标签也可以用类似的写法)

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# 第一种
categories:
- 一级分类
- 二级分类
- etc...

# 第二种:
categories: [一级分类, 二级分类]

首页文章预览添加图片:

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photos:
- http://xxx.com/photo1.jpg
- http://xxx.com/photo2.jpg

正文中可以使用设置文章摘要 如下:

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以上显示在摘要中
<!--more-->
以下是余下全文

more 以上内容即是文章摘要,如果设置了主页只显示摘要,则more以下内容点击 Read More 链接打开全文才显示。

简单命令

hexo现在支持更加简单的命令格式了,比如:

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hexo g == hexo generate # 生成
hexo d == hexo deploy # 部署 # 可与hexo g合并为 hexo d -g
hexo s == hexo server # 本地预览
hexo n == hexo new # 写文章
插入图片

博客中的图片文件可以直接放在source文件夹下,部署时上传到Github仓库中。但是Github项目容量有限,而且主机在国外,访问速度较慢,把图片放在国内的图床上是个更好的选择。我用的是七牛云存储

免费用户实名审核之后,可以获取10GB永久免费存储空间、每月10GB下载流量、每月10万次Put请求、每月100万次Get请求,做图床绰绰有余。

注册账号,新建空间,我的新空间名是blog,专门用来放置博客上引用的资源。

进入空间后点击「内容管理」,再点击「上传」:

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七牛空间没有文件夹的概念,但是允许为文件添加带斜杠/的前缀,用来给资源分类。这里我设置前缀为img/Hexo 3.1.1 静态博客搭建指南/。上传了一张图片,在右侧可以找到外链,复制地址:

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Markdown 插入图片的语法为:

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![](图片网址)

上传图片 -> 获取外链 -> 写入Markdown,就这么简单!

由于七牛防盗链的白名单无法添加localhost,暂时不设置防盗链,否则hexo s调试的时候,看不到图片。

配置博客

全站配置

注意:文件中配置项的冒号后面必须加空格,否则报错

下面有些选项要配置后文的插件才有效,文件中已注明。

  • 整站的配置:博客根目录下的\_config.yml文件。
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# Hexo Configuration
## Docs: http://hexo.io/docs/configuration.html
## Source: https://github.com/hexojs/hexo/

# Site
title: ZEROYU # 站点名
subtitle: # 副标题
description: 一只单线程HACKER
author: ZEROYU # 作者,在站点左下角可以看到
#avatar: /images/avatar.jpg # 头像。Next主题增加的字段
language: zh-Hans # 语言。Next主题增加的字段
timezone: Asia/Shanghai
since: 2015 # 博客建立年份,Next主题增加的字段

# 多说 ShortName
duoshuo_shortname: # xxx.duoshuo.com,xxx即是shortname。

# Social links
social:
Github: https://github.com/zer0yu
Weibo: http://weibo.com/Z3r0yu
Email: zeroyu.xyz@gmail.com
# zhihu: http://www.zhihu.com/people/your-user-name

# title, chinese available
links_title: 友情链接
# links
links:
我的CSDN博客: http://blog.csdn.net/zeroyu_xyz


# URL
## If your site is put in a subdirectory, set url as 'http://yoursite.com/child' and root as '/child/'
url: http://zer0yu.github.io/ # 网址
root: /
permalink: :year/:month/:day/:title/
permalink_defaults:

# Directory
source_dir: source
public_dir: public
tag_dir: tags
archive_dir: archives
category_dir: categories
code_dir: downloads/code
i18n_dir: :lang # 国际化文件夹
skip_render: # 跳过指定文件的渲染

# Writing # 文章布局、写作格式的定义
new_post_name: :title.md # File name of new posts
default_layout: post
titlecase: false # Transform title into titlecase
external_link: true # Open external links in new tab
filename_case: 0 # 1 为小写, 2 为大写
render_drafts: false # 显示草稿
post_asset_folder: false # 启动asset文件夹
relative_link: false # 链接改为与根目录的相对地址
future: true # 显示未来的文章
highlight:
enable: true
line_number: true
auto_detect: true
tab_replace:

# Category & Tag
default_category: uncategorized
category_map:
tag_map:

# Date / Time format
## Hexo uses Moment.js to parse and display date
## You can customize the date format as defined in
## http://momentjs.com/docs/#/displaying/format/
date_format: YYYY-MM-DD
time_format: HH:mm:ss

# Pagination # 每页显示文章数
## Set per_page to 0 to disable pagination
per_page: 10
pagination_dir: page

# Extensions # 这里配置站点所用主题和插件
## Plugins: http://hexo.io/plugins/
plugins:
baidusitemap: # 需要安装插件 npm install hexo-generator-baidu-sitemap@0.1.1 --save
path: baidusitemap.xml

# Extensions
## Plugins: http://hexo.io/plugins/
## Themes: http://hexo.io/themes/
theme: next

feed:
type: atom #feed 类型 (atom/rss2)
path: atom.xml #rss 路径
limit: 0 #在 rss 中最多生成的文章数(0显示所有)

# 自定义站点内容搜索
# 需要先安装插件:
# npm install hexo-generator-search --save
search:
path: search.xml
field: all # 如只想索引文章,可设置为post


# Deployment # 站点部署到github
## Docs: http://hexo.io/docs/deployment.html
deploy:
type: git
repository: git@github.com:zer0yu/zer0yu.github.io.git
branch: master


# ---------------下面选项需要对应插件的支持---------------
# npm install hexo-generator-index --save
# npm install hexo-generator-archive --save
# npm install hexo-generator-category --save
# npm install hexo-generator-tag --save

index_generator:
per_page: 10 ##首页默认10篇文章标题 如果值为0不分页

archive_generator:
per_page: 20 ##归档页面默认20篇文章标题
yearly: true ##生成年视图
monthly: true ##生成月视图

tag_generator:
per_page: 10 ##标签分类页面默认10篇文章

category_generator:
per_page: 10 ###分类页面默认10篇文章

更换主题

默认主题太丑,换成NexT主题。

  • 安装:在博客根目录下执行git clone https://github.com/iissnan/hexo-theme-next.git themes/next
  • 启用:修改博客根目录下的_config.yml配置文件中的theme属性,将其设置为next
  • 更新:在themes/next目录下执行git pull。(暂时不需要)
  • \themes\next\_config.yml修改主题配置。

我的_config.yml文件:

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# ---------------------------------------------------------------
# Site Information Settings
# ---------------------------------------------------------------

# Put your favicon.ico into `hexo-site/source/` directory.
favicon: /favicon.ico

# Set default keywords (Use a comma to separate)
keywords: "ZEROYU, SEC"

# Set rss to false to disable feed link.
# Leave rss as empty to use site's feed link.
# Set rss to specific value if you have burned your feed already.
rss:

# Specify the date when the site was setup
#since: 2015

# icon between year and author @Footer
authoricon: heart

# Footer `powered-by` and `theme-info` copyright
copyright: true

# Canonical, set a canonical link tag in your hexo, you could use it for your SEO of blog.
# See: https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/139066
# Tips: Before you open this tag, remeber set up your URL in hexo _config.yml ( ex. url: http://yourdomain.com )
canonical: true

# Change headers hierarchy on site-subtitle (will be main site description) and on all post/pages titles for better SEO-optimization.
seo: false

# ---------------------------------------------------------------
# Menu Settings
# ---------------------------------------------------------------

# When running the site in a subdirectory (e.g. domain.tld/blog), remove the leading slash (/archives -> archives)
menu:
home: /
categories: /categories
about: /about
archives: /archives
tags: /tags
#sitemap: /sitemap.xml
#commonweal: /404.html


# Enable/Disable menu icons.
# Icon Mapping:
# Map a menu item to a specific FontAwesome icon name.
# Key is the name of menu item and value is the name of FontAwsome icon. Key is case-senstive.
# When an question mask icon presenting up means that the item has no mapping icon.
menu_icons:
enable: true
#KeyMapsToMenuItemKey: NameOfTheIconFromFontAwesome
home: home
about: user
categories: th
schedule: calendar
tags: tags
archives: archive
sitemap: sitemap
commonweal: heartbeat




# ---------------------------------------------------------------
# Scheme Settings
# ---------------------------------------------------------------

# Schemes
#scheme: Muse
scheme: Mist
#scheme: Pisces


# ---------------------------------------------------------------
# Font Settings
# - Find fonts on Google Fonts (https://www.google.com/fonts)
# - All fonts set here will have the following styles:
# light, light italic, normal, normal intalic, bold, bold italic
# - Be aware that setting too much fonts will cause site running slowly
# - Introduce in 5.0.1
# ---------------------------------------------------------------
font:
enable: true

# Uri of fonts host. E.g. //fonts.googleapis.com (Default)
host:

# Global font settings used on <body> element.
global:
# external: true will load this font family from host.
external: true
family: Lato

# Font settings for Headlines (h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6)
# Fallback to `global` font settings.
headings:
external: true
family:

# Font settings for posts
# Fallback to `global` font settings.
posts:
external: true
family:

# Font settings for Logo
# Fallback to `global` font settings.
# The `size` option use `px` as unit
logo:
external: true
family:
size:

# Font settings for <code> and code blocks.
codes:
external: true
family:
size:




# ---------------------------------------------------------------
# Sidebar Settings
# ---------------------------------------------------------------


# Social Links
# Key is the link label showing to end users.
# Value is the target link (E.g. GitHub: https://github.com/iissnan)
#social:
#LinkLabel: Link


# Social Links Icons
# Icon Mapping:
# Map a menu item to a specific FontAwesome icon name.
# Key is the name of the item and value is the name of FontAwsome icon. Key is case-senstive.
# When an globe mask icon presenting up means that the item has no mapping icon.
social_icons:
enable: true
# Icon Mappings.
# KeyMapsToSocalItemKey: NameOfTheIconFromFontAwesome
GitHub: github
Twitter: twitter
Weibo: weibo


# Sidebar Avatar
# in theme directory(source/images): /images/avatar.jpg
# in site directory(source/uploads): /uploads/avatar.jpg
#avatar:


# Table Of Contents in the Sidebar
toc:
enable: true

# Automatically add list number to toc.
number: true


# Creative Commons 4.0 International License.
# http://creativecommons.org/
# Available: by | by-nc | by-nc-nd | by-nc-sa | by-nd | by-sa | zero
#creative_commons: by-nc-sa
#creative_commons:


sidebar:
# Sidebar Position, available value: left | right
position: left
#position: right

# Sidebar Display, available value:
# - post expand on posts automatically. Default.
# - always expand for all pages automatically
# - hide expand only when click on the sidebar toggle icon.
# - remove Totally remove sidebar including sidebar toggler.
display: post
#display: always
#display: hide
#display: remove


# Blogrolls
#links_title: Links
#links_layout: block
#links_layout: inline
#links:
#Title: http://example.com/


# ---------------------------------------------------------------
# Post Settings
# ---------------------------------------------------------------

# Automatically scroll page to section which is under <!-- more --> mark.
scroll_to_more: true

# Automatically excerpt description in homepage as preamble text.
excerpt_description: true

# Automatically Excerpt. Not recommand.
# Please use <!-- more --> in the post to control excerpt accurately.
auto_excerpt:
enable: false
length: 150

# Post meta display settings
post_meta:
item_text: true
created_at: true
updated_at: false
categories: true


# Wechat Subscriber
#wechat_subscriber:
#enabled: true
#qcode: /path/to/your/wechatqcode ex. /uploads/wechat-qcode.jpg
#description: ex. subscribe to my blog by scanning my public wechat account



# ---------------------------------------------------------------
# Misc Theme Settings
# ---------------------------------------------------------------

# Custom Logo.
# !!Only available for Default Scheme currently.
# Options:
# enabled: [true/false] - Replace with specific image
# image: url-of-image - Images's url
custom_logo:
enabled: false
image:


# Code Highlight theme
# Available value:
# normal | night | night eighties | night blue | night bright
# https://github.com/chriskempson/tomorrow-theme
highlight_theme: normal


# ---------------------------------------------------------------
# Third Party Services Settings
# ---------------------------------------------------------------

# MathJax Support
mathjax:
enable: false
per_page: false
cdn: //cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML

#local search
search:
path: search.xml
field: post
format: html
limit: 10000

# Swiftype Search API Key
#swiftype_key: oUgCiUNA9jix_1j3uXpn

# Baidu Analytics ID
baidu_analytics:

# Duoshuo ShortName
duoshuo_shortname:

# Disqus
#disqus_shortname:

# Hypercomments
#hypercomments_id:

# Gentie productKey
#gentie_productKey:

# Support for youyan comments system.
# You can get your uid from http://www.uyan.cc
#youyan_uid: your uid

# Baidu Share
# Available value:
# button | slide
# Warning: Baidu Share does not support https.
#baidushare:
## type: button

# Share
#jiathis:
# Warning: JiaThis does not support https.
#add_this_id:

# Share
#duoshuo_share: true

# Google Webmaster tools verification setting
# See: https://www.google.com/webmasters/
#google_site_verification:


# Google Analytics
#google_analytics:

# CNZZ count
#cnzz_siteid:

# Application Insights
# See https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/application-insights/
# application_insights:

# Make duoshuo show UA
# user_id must NOT be null when admin_enable is true!
# you can visit http://dev.duoshuo.com get duoshuo user id.
duoshuo_info:
ua_enable: true
admin_enable: false
user_id: 0
#admin_nickname: Author


# Facebook SDK Support.
# https://github.com/iissnan/hexo-theme-next/pull/410
facebook_sdk:
enable: false
app_id: #<app_id>
fb_admin: #<user_id>
like_button: #true
webmaster: #true

# Facebook comments plugin
# This plugin depends on Facebook SDK.
# If facebook_sdk.enable is false, Facebook comments plugin is unavailable.
facebook_comments_plugin:
enable: false
num_of_posts: 10 # min posts num is 1
width: 100% # default width is 550px
scheme: light # default scheme is light (light or dark)


# Show number of visitors to each article.
# You can visit https://leancloud.cn get AppID and AppKey.
leancloud_visitors:
enable: true
app_id: #<app_id>
app_key: #<app_key>

# Show PV/UV of the website/page with busuanzi.
# Get more information on http://ibruce.info/2015/04/04/busuanzi/
busuanzi_count:
# count values only if the other configs are false
enable: false
# custom uv span for the whole site
site_uv: true
site_uv_header: <i class="fa fa-user"></i>
site_uv_footer:
# custom pv span for the whole site
site_pv: true
site_pv_header: <i class="fa fa-eye"></i>
site_pv_footer:
# custom pv span for one page only
page_pv: true
page_pv_header: <i class="fa fa-file-o"></i>
page_pv_footer:


# Tencent analytics ID
# tencent_analytics:


# Enable baidu push so that the blog will push the url to baidu automatically which is very helpful for SEO
baidu_push: false

# Google Calendar
# Share your recent schedule to others via calendar page
#
# API Documentation:
# https://developers.google.com/google-apps/calendar/v3/reference/events/list
calendar:
enable: false
calendar_id: <required>
api_key: <required>
orderBy: startTime
offsetMax: 24
offsetMin: 4
timeZone:
showDeleted: false
singleEvents: true
maxResults: 250

# Algolia Search
algolia_search:
enable: false
hits:
per_page: 10
labels:
input_placeholder: Search for Posts
hits_empty: "We didn't find any results for the search: ${query}"
hits_stats: "${hits} results found in ${time} ms"



#! ---------------------------------------------------------------
#! DO NOT EDIT THE FOLLOWING SETTINGS
#! UNLESS YOU KNOW WHAT YOU ARE DOING
#! ---------------------------------------------------------------

# Motion
use_motion: true

# Fancybox
fancybox: true

# Canvas-nest
canvas_nest: false

# Script Vendors.
# Set a CDN address for the vendor you want to customize.
# For example
# jquery: https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.2.0/jquery.min.js
# Be aware that you should use the same version as internal ones to avoid potential problems.
# Please use the https protocol of CDN files when you enable https on your site.
vendors:
# Internal path prefix. Please do not edit it.
_internal: lib

# Internal version: 2.1.3
jquery:

# Internal version: 2.1.5
# See: http://fancyapps.com/fancybox/
fancybox:
fancybox_css:

# Internal version: 1.0.6
# See: https://github.com/ftlabs/fastclick
fastclick:

# Internal version: 1.9.7
# See: https://github.com/tuupola/jquery_lazyload
lazyload:

# Internal version: 1.2.1
# See: http://VelocityJS.org
velocity:

# Internal version: 1.2.1
# See: http://VelocityJS.org
velocity_ui:

# Internal version: 0.7.9
# See: https://faisalman.github.io/ua-parser-js/
ua_parser:

# Internal version: 4.6.2
# See: http://fontawesome.io/
fontawesome:

# Internal version: 1
# https://www.algolia.com
algolia_instant_js:
algolia_instant_css:

# Internal version: 1.0.0
# https://github.com/hustcc/canvas-nest.js
canvas_nest:



# Assets
css: css
js: js
images: images

# Theme version
version: 5.1.0

个性化设置

按照NexT 使用文档设置一下,其中的内容下面不再赘述。

绑定个人域名

1、在source文件夹中新建一个CNAME文件(无后缀名),然后用文本编辑器打开,在首行添加你的网站域名,如http://xxxx.com,注意前面没有http://,也没有www,然后使用hexo g && hexo d上传部署。
2、在域名解析提供商,下面以dnspod为例。
(1)先添加一个CNAME,主机记录写@,后面记录值写上你的http://xxxx.github.io
(2)再添加一个CNAME,主机记录写www,后面记录值也是http://xxxx.github.io
这样别人用www和不用www都能访问你的网站(其实www的方式,会先解析成http://xxxx.github.io,然后根据CNAME再变成http://xxx.com,即中间是经过一次转换的)。上面,我们用的是CNAME别名记录,也有人使用A记录,后面的记录值是写github page里面的ip地址,但有时候IP地址会更改,导致最后解析不正确,所以还是推荐用CNAME别名记录要好些,不建议用IP。
3、等十分钟左右,刷新浏览器,用你自己域名访问下试试(参考)